2009/2010 Nov/Dec LD Topic: Immunization

Cost: 25.00

About the Product

Author(s) and/or Contributor(s): Pau Gu, Ryan Hamilton, Amanda Liverzani, Xi Lin, Fritz Pielstick, David McGinnis
Description: Resolved: Public health concerns justify compulsory immunization.

File Index

TOPIC ANALYSIS BY RYAN HAMILTON

TOPIC ANALYSIS BY AMANDA LIVERZANI  

TOPIC ANALYSIS BY FRITZ PIELSTICK  

TOPIC ANALYSIS BY DAVE MCGINNIS  

AFFIRMATIVE EVIDENCE  

DEFINITIONAL ANALYSIS

MANDATORY IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS CAN INCLUDE EXEMPTIONS FOR RELIGIOUS OR MEDICAL REASONS.

MANDATORY VACCINATION STATUTES ALSO GIVE STATES THE POWER TO DEMAND VACCINATION DURING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.

BIOTERROR

CV IS NECESSARY TO FIGHT BIOTERRORISM

THE RISK OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE IS REAL

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS CANNOT SOLVE FOR THE RISK OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE

ANTHRAX WOULD BE A DEVASTATING BIOLOGICAL WEAPON

PLAGUE IS A POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL WEAPON

PLAGUE VACCINE HAS EMPIRICALLY PROVEN TO BE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE

SMALL POX COULD BE UNLEASHED AS A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON

VACCINES ARE NECESSARY FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL AS WELL AS CIVILIANS IN SOME CONTEXTS

BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MAY BECOME THE WEAPON OF CHOICE FOR INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS IN THE FUTURE.

NATIONS MAY ALSO RESORT TO USING BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN THE FUTURE.

BIOTERRORISM IS THE MOST CHALLENGING OF ALL TERRORIST THREATS.

UPDATED VACCINATIONS AGAINST ANTHRAX AND SMALLPOX MUST BE PART OF A WIDESPREAD PREPARATION AGAINST BIOTERRORISM.

A SMALLPOX ATTACK WOULD REQUIRE IMMEDIATE AND WIDESPREAD IMMUNIZATION BECAUSE VIRTUALLY EVERYONE IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO IT.

IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT, IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE, TO RESPOND ADEQUATELY AFTER A SMALLPOX OUTBREAK HAS BEGUN.

SMALLPOX IS AN ESPECIALLY SERIOUS THREAT BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH FATALITY RATE AND HIGH TRANSMISSIBILITY.

MODELS PREDICT THAT WITHOUT VACCINATION, A SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC WOULD HAVE DISASTROUS EFFECTS.

RING CONTAINMENT WOULD NOT BE A SUFFICIENT RESPONSE TO A SMALLPOX BIOTERRORIST ATTACK. WIDESPREAD VACCINATION IS NECESSARY.

AEROSOLIZED ANTHRAX IS EASY TO PRODUCE AND COULD CAUSE MASSIVE LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE.

IN SOVIET RUSSIA, ANTHRAX KILL YOU!

ANTHRAX IS A TREMENDOUS CONCERN, GIVEN ITS LONG INCUBATION PERIOD, HIGH FATALITY RATE, AND RELATIVELY INNOCUOUS INITIAL SYMPTOMS.

MANDATORY VACCINATIONS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE BENEFICIAL.

AT: RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL AND CONSCIENTIOUS EXEMPTIONS

ALLOWING RELIGIOUS EXEMPTIONS IS A SLIPPERY SLOPE INTO ALLOWING ANYONE AN EXCEPTION

RELIGIOUS OR PHILOSOPHICAL OPPONENTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO CONTRACT DISEASE AND SPREAD IT TO OTHERS

RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS HARMS THE HERD COMMUNITY

EVEN ALLOWING CONSCIENTIOUS EXEMPTIONS LEADS TO ENORMOUS DROPS IN VACCINATIONS, ALTHOUGH CHILDREN VACCINATIONS INCREASE.

RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION FOR IMMUNIZATIONS IS PROBLEMATIC AS THEY BECOME FOCI FOR THE DISEASE

EMPIRICS SHOW THAT RELIGIOUSLY EXEMPTED PEOPLE GET INFECTED MUCH MORE

POLICIES ALLOWING CONSCIENTIOUS EXEMPTION AND REMOVAL OF VACCINATION REQUIREMENTS DESENSITIZES SOCIETIES TO THE HARMS OF DISEASE.

CURING/ENDING DISEASE

VACCINATIONS HAVE POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES

COMPULSORY VACCINATION IS NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE YOUNG, WEAK, AND MEDICALLY EXEMPT

PERCENTAGES SHOW LIFE THREATENING DISEASES ARE GREATLY REDUCED WITH CV

THERE ARE EASILY AVOIDABLE DISEASES THAT CAN BE PREVENTED IF PARENTS IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILD

RUBELLA, UNCHECKED BY VACCINES, IS DEVASTATING

BEFORE THE VACCINE, RUBELLA WAS CONSTANTLY CREATING PANDEMICS

THERE ARE TWO GENERAL IMMUNIZATION STRATEGIES FOR DISEASES LIKE RUBELLA

CHILDREN ARE EASY TO ACCESS FOR VACCINATIONS

OUTBREAKS

DUE TO PEOPLE WHO DO NOT VACCINATE, HOT SPOTS OF DANGER ARE FORMING

THE US EXPERIENCE WITH VACCINES IS REPLETE WITH EXAMPLES OF EXEMPTIONS CAUSING OUTBREAKS OF DISEASE

THE INTERNATIONAL SPHERE IS REPLETE WITH EXAMPLES OF EXEMPTIONS CAUSING ILLNESS OUTBREAKS

THE PREVALENCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL MAKES UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION NECESSARY

CV ARE HISTORICALLY SUCCESSFUL IN MINIMIZING SCHOOL-­‐BASED OUTBREAKS OF DISEASE

NONMEDICAL EXEMPTIONS (RELIGIOUS, CONSCIENTIOUS, ETC) MULTIPLY THE RISKS OF CONTRACTING DISEASES, LEADING TO GREATER OUTBREAKS OF DISEASE

DISEASE OUTBREAKS DESTROY ECONOMIES

CONSTITUTIONALITY

THE COURTS HAVE ALWAYS AGREED THAT PUBLIC GOOD OUTWEIGHS RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

THE COURTS HAVE REPEATEDLY UPHELD THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF COMPULSORY VACCINATION, WITH OR WITHOUT EXCEPTIONS

CV DOES NOT VIOLATE THE CONSTITUTION

IT IS NOT AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION FOR STATES TO INSTITUTE CV

THE COURT SAYS COMPULSORY IMMUNIZATION IS CONSTITUTIONAL

HERD IMMUNITY

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ADVOCATES DO FAIL TO ACCOUNT FOR COMMUNAL BENEFITS

CV WILL BEST ENSURE A HEALTHY HERD COMMUNITY

LOSING A COMMUNITY’S HERD IMMUNITY CAN CREATE OUTBREAKS AND HOT SPOTS OF DISEASE

A2 TAXATION ALTERNATIVE

NOT ALL STATES HAVE THE ABILITY TO TAX EXEMPTIONS (NY CITY PLAN)

TAXING EXEMPTIONS (NY CITY PLAN) DOES NOT TARGET THE MAIN SOURCE OF EXEMPTIONS

A2 AUTISM

MMR VACCINE DOES NOT CAUSE AUTISM

IT IS UNLIKELY THAT VACCINES CAUSE AUTISM OR ANY OTHER MAJOR DISEASE

THE MMR (MEASLES-­‐MUMPS-­‐RUBELLA) VACCINE DOES NOT CAUSE AUTISM. FOUR CASE STUDIES PROVE.

YOU LIE! THIMEROSAL DOES NOT CAUSE AUTISM. IT IS BIOLOGICALLY IMPOSSIBLE.

GIVING CHILDREN “TOO MANY” VACCINES DOES NOT CAUSE AUTISM. SEVERAL REASONS:

MISCELLANEOUS

WITHOUT COMPULSORY VACCINATION, THE PROBLEM OF FREE RIDING ARISES

VACCINATIONS ARE A GOOD INVESTMENT FOR CHILDREN

INTERNET HAS OBSCURED THE FACTS OF VACCINATIONS.

VACCINATIONS FOR RISK GROUPS ONLY IS DISCRIMINATORY

CV DOES NOT NEED TO BE THE SOLE POLICY ENACTED TO COMBAT DISEASE, IT SHOULD ADD TO OTHER STRATEGIES

SMALLPOX VACCINATIONS CAN BE GIVEN SAFELY WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT RISKS

UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN THE US

UNIVERSAL COVERAGE IS BETTER THAN SELECTIVE COVERAGE BECAUSE BENEFITS EXIST EVEN IF THERE IS NOT

% COVERAGE

ALTERNATIVES TO VACCINATION ARE IMPOSSIBLE FOR MANY GROUPS

COMPULSORY IMMUNIZATION IS LESS ARBITRARY THAN SELECTIVE IMMUNIZATION

SELECTIVE IMMUNIZATION IS EMPIRICALLY LESS EFFECTIVE

PUBLIC OPPOSITION TO IMMUNIZATIONS IS GROWING

THE RISKS OF VACCINATION ARE SMALL

SCIENTISTS AGREE THE INDIVIDUAL RISK OF NOT VACCINATING IS MUCH LARGER THAN THE RISK OF VACCINATING

CHARGES OF VACCINES BEING GENERALLY DANGEROUS OR BASED IN CORRUPTION ARE FALSE

ANY PERCEPTION OF GREATER RISK FROM VACCINES THAN THE DISEASE ONLY EXISTS BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE VACCINATED

THE INTERNET TRICKS PARENTS INTO NOT VOLUNTARILY GETTING VACCINES

PEOPLE ARE IRRATIONAL RISK EVALUATORS AND SO CANNOT BE TRUSTED TO MAKE THEIR OWN VACCINE DECISIONS

VACCINE EXEMPTIONS ENDANGER CHILDREN.

PARENTS WHO REFUSE TO IMMUNIZE THEIR CHILDREN ENDANGER NOT ONLY THEIR CHILDREN BUT OTHER MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY AS WELL—FOUR REASONS.

COMMUNAL VACCINATION REFUSAL CREATES CLUSTER COMMUNITIES WHERE PEOPLE ARE ESPECIALLY AT RISK.

NON MEDICAL EXEMPTIONS GREATLY INCREASE THE RISK OF INFECTION.

PEOPLE WHO REFUSE IMMUNIZATION ARE FREE-­‐RIDERS. THEY TAKE ADVANTAGE OF HERD IMMUNITY WITHOUT PARTICIPATING IN IT.

HEALTHCARE

UNVACCINATED INDIVIDUALS GETTING INFECTED CREATES A HUGE HEALTH CARE COST

VACCINES DRAMATICALLY REDUCE HEALTH CARE COSTS

DRUGS

DRUG ADDICTION IS A MAJOR PROBLEM, VACCINES CAN SOLVE

DRUGS, ESPECIALLY METH, ARE HIGHLY DESTRUCTIVE

RESEARCH HAS PRODUCED SUBSTANTIAL PROGRESS ON ANTI-­‐ADDICTION VACCINES

ANTI-­‐ADDICTION VACCINATIONS MEETS ALL FOUR STANDARDS IN JACOBSON

ANTI-ADDICTION IMMUNIZATION SOLVES A HUGE PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN

VACCINATE HEALTH CARE WORKERS

MANDATORY FLU VACCINATION FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS IS NECESSARY TO MAKE THE POPULATION RESISTANT TO AN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK.

MANDATORY SWINE FLU VACCINATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS IS NECESSARY TO DECREASE THE SPREAD OF THE DISEASE.

HEALTHCARE WORKERS SHOULD BECOME IMMUNIZED NOW BECAUSE THE SWINE FLU VIRUS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME MORE SERIOUS AND DEADLY.

THE POTENTIAL HARM TO PATIENT HEALTH NECESSITATES MANDATORY VACCINATIONS FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE TO INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS.

RELYING ON VOLUNTARY IMMUNIZATIONS FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS DOESN’T WORK. NOT ENOUGH HCW GET VACCINATED.

MANDATORY VACCINATION PROGRAMS FOR HCW, EVEN WITH THE DECLINATION OPTION, RAISE VACCINATION RATES HIGHER THAN DISTRIBUTION AND EDUCATION.

NEGATIVE EVIDENCE  

PUBLIC/POLITICAL BACKLASH

CV CAUSES ALL SORTS OF POLITICAL BACKLASH

ANTI-­‐VACCINE ADVOCATES WILL LASH OUT BECAUSE THEY BELIEVE CV IS A STEP TOWARDS TOTALITARIANISM

CV IS NOT EFFECTIVE

VACCINE DOES NOT UNIQUELY PROVIDE FOR MORE PROTECTION

THERE IS NOT ENOUGH EVIDENCE FOR BIOTERRORISM TO WARRANT FORCED VACCINES

CURRENT USE OF VACCINES AGAINST HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) IS INEFFECTIVE

ALTERNATIVES

GOVERNMENTS SHOULD ENACT POLICIES THAT MAKE UP FOR EXTERNALITIES CAUSED BY EXEMPTIONS

ALTERNATIVE CAN ALLOW FOR CHOICE, BUT TAX THOSE WHO EXEMPT (NY CITY PLAN)

TAXING THOSE WHO DO NOT GET IMMUNIZED CIRCUMVENTS THE SCHOOL’S FINANCIAL INCENTIVE TO NOT HAVE CHILD IMMUNIZATION

TAXING EXEMPTIONS MOTIVATES IMMUNIZATIONS AND ENCOURAGES MORE SCRUTINY ON MEDICAL EXEMPTIONS

RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS EXEMPTIONS CAN BE TAXED BY ANNUAL FEES

TAXING BASED ON RELIGIOUS EXEMPTIONS DOES NOT VIOLATE THE RIGHT TO PRACTICE RELIGION

TAXING EXEMPTIONS IS A FAIR MIDDLE-­GROUND FOR THE RELIGIOUS AND THE REST OF SOCIETY

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION IS TO RAISE STANDARDS FOR GETTING AN EXEMPTION UNTIL NET NUMBER OF EXEMPTIONS IS STABLE

SHIFTING NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY COSTS ONTO THOSE WHO EXEMPT THEMSELVES IS ANALOGOUS TO TOBACCO TAXES

FOUR ALTERNATIVES TO COMPULSORY IMMUNIZATION

LACK OF INFORMATION

CV FOR H1NHAS NO RELIABLE DATA TO BACK UP THE THREAT

WHO IS UNRELIABLE IN REPORTING H1NDATA

CV AGAINST TERRORIST ATTACKS IS BASED ON AN UNPROVED THREAT

CURRENT TESTS ON VACCINES ARE INSUFFICIENT TO WARRANT CV

SAFETY TESTS FOR VACCINES ARE UNRELIABLE

COSTS

IN THE US ALONE, VICP HAS HAD TO PAY OUT OVER A BILLION DOLLARS IN COMPENSATION TO FAMILIES FROM BAD VACCINATIONS

THE GOVERNMENT SPENDS MILLIONS COMPENSATING FAMILIES FOR VACCINATIONS GONE WRONG

EXTERNALITIES

FLU VACCINES ARE USELESS, AND INCREASE RISKS OF ASTHMA

VACCINES ARE FULL OF TOXIC AND DEADLY ADJUTANTS

STUDIES DO SHOW THAT VACCINATIONS CAUSE ILLNESS

VACCINE PRODUCTION IS AND HAS HAD RISK OF ERROR OR CONTAMINATION

CONSTITUTIONALITY

CV IS AN ASSAULT ON INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND ALSO VIOLATES THE SPIRIT OF THE CONSTITUTION

GOVERNMENT OPPRESSION

VACCINATION SHOT WOUNDS HAVE BEEN TREATED AS OPPRESSIVE METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION AND CITIZENSHIP

COURTS HAVE EMPIRICALLY DEFENDED PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES IN PROVIDING CV REGARDLESS OF CONSEQUENCE

COURTS HAVE EXTENDED THEIR PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES PROVIDING CV INSIDE SCHOOLS

CV EFFORTS HAVE EVEN RESULTED IN USE OF VIOLENT FORCE

PHYSICAL FORCE VACCINATION WAS NOT UNCOMMON DURING THE SMALLPOX EPIDEMICS

THE EXTENT OF US AUTHORITY INCLUDES LABELING VACCINE RESISTORS AS FELONS

USFG AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO FORCE VACCINATIONS ONTO PEOPLE

CV IS AS INHUMANE AS NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMPS

DOCTORS WHO INJECT NEUROLOGICAL POISONS INTO KIDS ARE GLORIFIED BY THE IGNORANT MAJORITY POPULATION

COMPULSION CREATES MORE ILL WILL TOWARDS THE STATE

H1N

H1NVACCINES COSTS BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOLLARS

INTENTIONS TO MAKE H1NVACCINES COMPULSORY HAS LEAD TO US GOVERNMENT THROWING BILLIONS OF DOLLARS AT DRUG COMPANIES AND EVEN PROVIDING TOTAL IMMUNITY FROM LAWSUITS.

THE SWINE FLU IS LESS DEADLY THAN OTHER VARIANTS OF THE FLU.

THE SWINE FLU HYPE IS OVERBLOWN.

MUTATIONS WILL RENDER THE SWINE FLU VACCINATION USELESS.

THE SWINE FLU VACCINE WAS HASTILY DEVELOPED WITHOUT PROPER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.

THE LACK OF SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SWINE FLU VACCINE INCREASES THE ODDS OF PATIENTS DEVELOPING GUILLAIN-­‐BARRE SYNDROME, A FATAL NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE.

THE SWINE FLU VACCINE CARRIES AN INCREASED RISK FOR DANGEROUS ALLERGIC REACTIONS.

THE SWINE FLU VACCINATION PROGRAM IN  WAS A DISASTER.

THE SWINE FLU VACCINE CAUSES THE BODY’S IMMUNE SYSTEM TO ATTACK THE BODY’S NATURALLY PRODUCED SQUALENE RESERVES, CAUSING JOINT INFLAMMATION.

MORAL/RELIGIOUS OBJECTORS

MANY INDIVIDUALS HAVE STRONG RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AGAINST VACCINATIONS

AUTNOMOUS IDENTITY IS NECESSARY FOR LIFE TO HAVE MEANING

AN INDIVIDUAL HAS A LEGITIMATE RIGHT TO REFUSE VACCINATION IF HIS CHOICE IS GROUNDED IN AUTONOMY

RELIGIOUS EXEMPTIONS ARE LEGITIMATE BECAUSE RELIGION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF IDENTITY

PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS ARE LEGITIMATE BECAUSE LIFESTYLE IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF IDENTITY

MISCELLANEOUS  

BECAUSE HPV IS NOT CASUALLY INFECTIOUS, ONLY THOSE WHO ARE SEXUALLY ACTIVE MAY NEED CV

EXEMPTIONS CAN BE MODELED AFTER CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS TO CONSCRIPTION THEREFORE CIRCUMVENTING THE HARMS OF A RELIGIOUS OR PHILOSOPHICAL MODEL

CV MUST BE IMPLEMENTED CONSISTENT AND EQUALLY OTHERWISE THERE WOULD BE AN INCREASED RISK OF DISEASE IN SOCIETY

A FEW STATES DO ALLOW FOR PHILOSOPHICAL OBJECTIONS TO CV

MANY MANDATORY VACCINES DO NOT MEET A SUFFICIENT DANGER CRITERIA

MODERN LIBERAL DEMOCRACY RESPECTS PARENTS RIGHT TO RAISE THEIR CHILDREN

ENFORCEMENT OF MANDATORY COMPULSION IS DIFFICULT FROM A RIGHTS-­‐PERSPECTIVE

MANDATORY VACCINATION VIOLATES PHYSICIAN’S ETHICAL CODES BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT DOING WHAT’S BEST FOR THE PATIENT

JUDICIAL INTERVENTIONS ARE UNSUCCESSFUL

SCHOOLS HAVE INCENTIVES TO DISCOURAGE CHILD IMMUNIZATION

THE PUBLIC IS VERY SKEPTICAL ABOUT VACCINES AND BELIEVE THEY WILL HURT CHILDREN

VACCINATION HAS MANY LOGISTICAL PROBLEMS

COMPULSION DOESN’T AFFECT OR HARM GENERAL COMPLIANCE

VACCINATION POLICY MUST BE DECISIVELY COMMITTED TO OR ELSE WILL RESULTS IN MORE HARM THAN GOOD

COMPULSORY VACCINATION CREATES LEGAL CONTRADICTIONS

AMERICA LACKS A CENTRAL DATABASE OF VACCINATIONS

SOME VACCINES CONTAIN ABORTED FETAL TISSUE

THERE IS NO LEGITIMATE REASON FOR MANY VACCINES, THEY ARE SIMPLY THE RESULT OF CORPORATE LOBBYING

VACCINATIONS BYPASS THE NORMAL PORTS OF ENTRY FOR VIRUSES AND GIVE THE VIRUSES FREE ACCESS TO VITAL ORGANS, WITHOUT AN INCUBATION PERIOD, AND WITHOUT TIME FOR THE BODY TO MOUNT AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE.

ANY BENEFITS OF VACCINATION ARE LIMITED AND SHORT TERM.

VACCINATIONS ARE UNSAFE AND INEFFECTIVE.

VACCINATIONS HAVE A LONG HISTORY OF BEING INEFFECTIVE.

PEOPLE HAVE BEEN TAUGHT TO ACCEPT, WITHOUT QUESTION, THAT VACCINATIONS ARE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE.

THE PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY EXTENDS INTO THE REALM OF HEALTH CARE RELATIONSHIPS AND REQUIRES CARE GIVERS TO FOSTER AUTONOMOUS DECISION MAKING

MANDATORY VACCINATIONS CAUSE PHYSICIANS TO VIOLATE THE HIPPOCRATIC OATH AND SIMPLY BECOME AGENTS OF THE STATE.

VACCINATIONS SHOULD BE GIVEN AT THE DISCRETION OF THE DOCTOR AND PATIENT.

VACCINATIONS ARE MERELY A MANIFESTATION OF HUMANITY’S TECHNOLOGICAL QUEST TO CONTROL AND MANIPULATE NATURE.

THE PRINCIPLE OF INFORMED CONSENT MEANS PATIENTS SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO ACCEPT OR REFUSE TREATMENT BASED ON DISCLOSURE OF THE EFFECTS.

A2: HPV VACCINATIONS

THE HPV VACCINATION IS EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE.

THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IS NOT SEVERE ENOUGH TO WARRANT MANDATORY VACCINATIONS.

THE CERVICAL CANCER RISK ASSOCIATED WITH HPV IS GROSSLY OVERSTATED

HPV VACCINATIONS MAY DISCOURAGE WOMEN FROM GETTING PAP-­‐SMEARS, INCREASING CERVICAL CANCER RATES.

THERE ARE MORE COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES TO THE HPV VACCINATION.

A2: BIOTERRORISM

ALARMING CITIZENS ABOUT THE THREAT OF BIOLOGICAL ATTACKS CREATES PSYCHOGENIC SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS, WHICH OVERLOADS HOSPITALS

THE BIOTERRORISM THREAT IS GROSSLY OVERSTATED.

THE ANTHRAX VACCINATION GIVEN TO SOLDIERS DURING THE GULF WAR WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR GULF WAR SYNDROME (GWS) AS WELL AS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN SOLDIERS.

SCIENTIST OUGHT TO FOCUS LESS ON BIOTERRORISM AND MORE ON NATURAL OUTBREAKS.

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